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Move

General

Photo : Connell Shandler
General

A move in chess is the action of transferring a piece from one square to another according to the rules of the game, making it the fundamental unit of every chess game.

Each move changes the state of the board and passes the turn (the right to play) to the opponent. A move can be a simple relocation (moving a knight from e4 to d6), a capture (taking the opponent’s piece on the destination square), castling (a simultaneous king and rook movement), an en passant capture, or a promotion (a pawn reaching the last rank and transforming into another piece).

The quality of a move is measured by its effect on the position: a good move improves piece coordination, creates a threat, or answers the opponent’s threat. A bad move, called a blunder or mistake, weakens the position or concedes an advantage. Between the two, a move may be described as inaccurate or suboptimal.

In practice, before playing, always identify the opponent’s threats and mentally draw up a list of candidate moves — the two or three most promising options — before committing to one. This simple habit significantly reduces blunders and is the foundation of any reliable calculation method.

How to exploit it — and defend against it

To make the most of every move, adopt the candidate moves method: first identify the opponent’s threats, then list your two or three best responses before choosing one. Systematically check whether your move leaves a piece hanging or weakens an important square. A move that creates two simultaneous threats (such as a fork or a discovered check) is generally more effective than a purely defensive one. Train yourself not to play the first move that comes to mind: this single habit will dramatically reduce the number of blunders you make.

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White must choose their next move: the green arrow shows Qf3 (threatening Bxf7+), the blue arrow illustrates the pressure on f7, and the red arrow signals the danger if Black does not respond correctly.

Related terms

Frequently asked questions

How many possible moves are there on the first move in chess?
On the first move, White has 20 legal moves: 16 pawn moves (each pawn can advance one or two squares) and 4 knight moves. This number grows exponentially as the game progresses.
What is an illegal move in chess?
An illegal move is one that violates the rules of the game: moving a piece in an unauthorized way, leaving your own king in check, or moving through occupied squares (for pieces other than the knight). In competition, playing an illegal move results in a penalty.
What is the difference between a move and a tempo in chess?
A move refers to an individual piece displacement. A tempo refers to a unit of development or initiative: losing a tempo means you took one more move than the opponent to reach the same result, granting them a development advantage.

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