A queen vs pawn endgame is an endgame where one side has only a queen, while the other side has only a single advanced pawn — typically on the sixth or seventh rank — with no other pieces on either side.
In the vast majority of cases, the queen wins comfortably: it pursues the opposing king, prevents pawn promotion, and forces resignation. However, there are critical exceptions. When the pawn is a rook pawn (a- or h-file) or a bishop pawn (c- or f-file) on the seventh rank, with the defending king sheltering directly in front of its pawn, the game can end in stalemate — making it a theoretical draw. Recognizing these drawing positions is essential for both sides.
In practice, if you hold the queen, bring your king closer before trying to deliver checkmate or stop the pawn. The queen alone can give checks, but needs king support to conclude cleanly without risking stalemate. If you are defending with the pawn, place your king in front of the pawn — not behind it — to maximize stalemate chances and put maximum pressure on your opponent.