The first-move advantage refers to the structural edge that White enjoys by moving first in a game of chess. Having the move means holding the initiative from the very start: White can occupy the center, develop pieces, and create threats before Black has a chance to respond.
In practice, this translates into a slight but real head start. White can set the pace of the game, demand precise replies from Black, and steer the position toward favorable structures. At the highest levels of play, this edge is small yet consistent — it is why White tends to press for an advantage while Black focuses on equalizing.
For players rated 800–1400, it is important not to overestimate this advantage: playing White does not guarantee a win. The key is to make the most of the first move by quickly occupying the center (1.e4 or 1.d4), developing minor pieces without delay, and castling to keep the king safe. Wasting moves (losing tempo) erases this opening edge very quickly.