Pin
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Absolute pin by the bishop
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Relative pin by the bishop
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Absolute pin by the rook
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Relative pin by the rook
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Absolute pin by the queen
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Relative pin by the queen
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The idea
A pin freezes an enemy piece by lining it up in front of a more valuable target. An absolute pin (against the king) forbids any move; a relative pin costs material if the piece moves. Once a piece is pinned, pile another attacker on it to win it — it cannot flee.